The Third Ear Lonsdale Pdf Reader
The Third Ear begins with an introduction, that is followed by three sections. The introduction challenges the myth that language learning is “difficult” and outlines the way in which Lonsdale believes readers should use the book. Section 1 explores in greater depth some of the myths that surround language learning and.
_Companies That Made Juke Boxes in the Swing Era_ COMPANIES THAT MADE JUKEBOXES Hi Lindy Hoppers!!! Put another Nickel In! Welcome, Search Engine Folks! Here are some helps to finding things on our various pages about Jukeboxes.
This particular page is devoted to the business (legal and illegal) aspects of the coin-operated phonograph industry. • (This Page) • (Separate Page) • (Separate Page) • (THIS Page) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • (Separate Page) Overview and Introduction This 'Introduction' is on all of our jukebox pages. If you have read it before (or don't want to read it), you can to the stories about this industry. If you're reading this in 2009 (or later), the word 'jukebox' means a gaudy prop in a retro diner or an image on a 'Fabulous Fifties' party favor. In fact, if it wasn't for places like the Silver Diner, most of you would have never seen or heard of a jukebox. It is about a 50-1 bet that none of you have ever seen a real mechanical jukebox playing 78 rpm records, and it's about 1000-1 that any of you ever played a song for a nickel in a roadhouse.
I'm writing this to integrate a lot of information that's out there on the internet. So far, we have tried to give you get a little history, a little mechanical engineering, and a true aesthetic experience. On this page, we'll look at business strategy. All along, we have tossed in in some of the original patents so that you can see how things work.
First of all, they're not jukeboxes -- back in the day, they were known as coin-operated phonographs. They were found in the best of establishments and were a multimillion dollar business. The cast of characters includes a wide variety of colorful individuals including brilliant designers, a millionaire right-wing Senator, gangsters, and even the KGB. This was cutting-edge technology that pushed electro-mechanics to its limits. It was the beginning of 'hi-fi' and it was the pulse of the nation's taste in music -- the Radio and TV show informed listeners that the ratings were based on a survey of: ' the best sellers on sheet music and phonograph records, the songs most heard on the air and most played on the automatic coin machines, an accurate, authentic tabulation of America's taste in popular music.'
Most people who danced during the period 1930-1950 did so to music provided by a jukebox. With the exception of the very, very elite places, most restaurants from Chez Pierre to the Pete's Place had a coin-operated phonograph to provide dance music for their customers. It is that between two and three million boxes were made. The folks who made coin operated phonographs (principally Wurlitzer, AMI and Seeburg) engaged in large scale nationwide advertising campaigns to convince poeople that the jukebox was a legitimate and 'high-class' form of entertainment. Of these, Wurlitzer is the most remembered name, thanks to two factors: a remarkable series of full-page ads drawn by Albert Dorne and the Model 1015 Jukebox, as shown below: 1947 Albert Dorne Ad Featuring the Wurlitzer Model 1015 Jukebox Click to Enlarge By examining this ad, we can learn a little about the times. First, you'll note that this scene takes place in a fairly classy restaurant -- the waiter (upper left) is wearing a mess jacket.
There is a mural of a prince and princess on the wall, and the headwaiter (smiling at the kitchen door in black tie) is presiding over a birthday party for a lucky young lady. Not only that, a cliche chef in toque and pencil moustache has prepared a special (and large) birthday cake. There are a dozen roses on the table. All of the [clearly] non-ethnic patrons are having the time of their life. There is nothing at all about this scene that could be remotely considered as 'low class.' Below are some ads from the Seeburg company's internal paper. One shows a really classy Art Deco bar that had recently been 'closed' to jukeboxes; the other shows a white-tie wedding with music by a jukebox.
[this was only possible in the Seeburg magazine.] Seeburg Ads suggesting that the Juke was High Class Click to Enlarge As you might guess, there is a little sociology involved here. Manufacturers were continuously improving the technology and appearance of their products, sometimes with new variants issued on a monthly basis. The 'very latest' machines with the most features and the best styling were designated 'Top Boxes' and were destined for high end establishments. As the new moved in, the old was recycled down the status chain (of the time) until they reached rock bottom in the seedier roadhouses. In those bigoted times, when the machines reached into Negro neighborhoods, they acquired their enduring name, since 'Juke' was slang at the time for 'dancing'.
This is a lot less of a mouthful than 'automatic coin operated phonograph,' so like 'Jitterbug', 'Zoot' and 'Rebop' the African-Americans had the last word. On a sad note, after the machine had been recycled down the chain, it was scavenged for parts and the rest destroyed. This is why boxes from the 1920s and 1930s are very rare.
We Really Smash Them Wurlitzer Trade Ad from the 1930s By a new jukebox! The old one won't compete with you.
In 1942-1945, they were sent overseas with the Armed Forces Click to Enlarge The Model 1015 had the largest production run of any single jukebox model. Wurlitzer estimates that more than 60,000 of the units were shipped. With bubbler tubes that changed colors, it was very entertaining -- so much so that owners preferred to keep this model instead of switching to newer boxes, even those with much improved technology. When the industry moved from 78 rpm to 45 rpm records, many of the 1015s were retrofitted and continued to serve in the 1950s.
The natural downward evolution of the jukebox placed this machine in malt shops, drug stores and other places frequented by teenagers just at the time that Rock'n'Roll was emerging. The 1015 is, in fact, an icon of teen culture in the mid-1950s even though it was introduced in 1947 to play the music of their parents (see ad above.). It is the most often pictured jukebox and is immediately recognizable today. In fact, the remnants of the Wurlitzer company still makes them today -- they play CDs and some even use iPod technology to offer thousands of selections.
If this has been boring, you have a some choices now: • Read about • Read about • Read about • Read an THIS Page• Look at Otherwise, just keep scrolling down to have alook at the companies that made the jukeboxes. Why Go Into the Jukebox Business? Two social factors helped fuel the growth of the jukebox. First, the public was thoroughly fascinated with the idea of 'automatic service.' An aricle from 1932 describes this trend: Social Fascination with Automated Sales to download 'The Automatic Age' From the October, 1932 issue of Popular Mechanics Click to Enlarge Second, there was real money to be made. In reading this section, you must remember that a nickel was worth a WHOLE LOT more during the Depression than it is now. It was not uncommon for laborers to make less than 25 cents per hour. Ableton Live Suite 8.3 Crack Mac more.
Here are some statistics from the Works Progress Administration (WPA), the emergency employment service that put people to work during the Depression: '. (Washington, DC) In January, 1936, 35,350 people (7.3% of the DC population) worked for the WPA. There were four skill levels. Unskilled workers receiving $40/mo., semi-skilled workers getting $58/mo, skilled workers at $72/mo and professional/technical workers at the maximum rate of $79/mo.' [Source: The Washington Daily News February 12, 1936] In 1936, the workweek was 48 hours long, so these wages translate to 24 cents/hr for unskilled workers up to 43 cents/hr for 'professionals.' These were 'good jobs' in the middle of the capital of the USA and wages were much lower outside urban areas. The average working man would have to put in from 15 to 20 minutes of labor -- digging ditches, running a punch press, operating a sewing machine, etc to earn the money to hear 3 minutes of recorded music on a jukebox.
[ 78 rpm records that were technologically limited to 3 minutes per side.] The jukebox was more like a skilled professional or middle manager because it could earn up to $1 an hour, assuming continuous play. To help you get an even better idea of what a nickel would buy, here are some examples of prices in the 1930s: Value of a Nickel in 1936 From the April 7, 1936 Apples were Five Cents per Pound Click to Enlarge The value of a nickel did not decrease that much during World war II or even into the early 1950s, when the United Steelworkers for 53 days over an 8 cent per hour wage increase (they wanted 12 and got 4). (Parenthetically, the Steel Strike link also introduces Homer Capehart who was also influential in the jukebox industry, as detailed below.) Inflation has reduced the value of a nickel to the point where coin may not even exist next year, much less in 2050! The point of this economic discussion is that in the 1930s, it was definitely worth investing time, materials and brainpower to capture nickels. The Wurlitzer Company Rudolph WurliTzer founded the famous WurliTzer company in 1856 (an yes, he spelled it with a capital T in the middle.) Rudolph had three sons, Rudolph Jr., Howard and Farny, all of whom worked for the firm. Starting in Cincinnati, Ohio, they initially imported European music machines including the products of the Regina Music Box Company. By the 1890s, they were the largest distributors for Regina.
In 1900, a manufacturer of merry-go-round organs developed a coin operated automatic piano, called the DeKleist Tonophone, asked WurliTzer to distribute it. The machine was a success making DeKleist a millionaire. They also convinced Regina to add coin slides to their larger music boxes. In 1909, the WurliTzers bought out DeKleist acquired a factory in North Tonawanda, New York. Back in Cincinnati, Farny Wurlitzer was having an affair with his secretary, and eventually married her.
This was apparently a family scandal and the newlyweds were banished to Tonawanda. Exiled to make something of DeKleist, Farny Wurlitzer created a whole new industry and eventually established the WurliTzer headquarters in the small upstate New York town near Buffalo. The Wurlitzer factory grew to be nearly one quarter mile long.
It was the largest woodworking, metal working and assembly plant in the world devoted to the production of musical instruments. It produced tens of thousands of pianos over the years and every one of those fantastic Wurlitzer Jukeboxes was made there. The Wurlitzers became world famous by building and promoting large pipe organs for use with silent movies in the palatial movie theaters of the 1920s. No big city silent movie was complete without a virtuoso performance on the 'Mighty Wurlitzer.' As the nation's premier movie palace, Radio City Music hall had the biggest, most complicated Wurlitzer organ with two consoles that were transported into the theater on their own elevator. The 'Mighty Wurlitzer' at Radio City Music Hall Click to Enlarge A combination of the Depression and Talking Pictures almost put Wurlitzer out of business. In 1928, Wurlitzer's shares sold at $119 a share.
In 1933, the price was $10 a share and the company was $5 million in debt. At great risk, Wurlitzer gambled and bought the Simplex Manufacturing Company, the developers of record changing system called the Multi-Selector.
This invention allowed people to push a button to select the record they wanted to hear. (Prior to this, coin operated phonographs only allowerd the customer to the next record in sequence.) Along with the Multi-Selector, Wurlitzer also acquired Homer C. Capehart, the Simplex owner. Eventually, Capehart became Wurlitzer's general manager and led Wurlitzer back to success. In 1933, before Capehart, Wurlitzer leased 300 jukeboxes. Even in the depression people could afford a nickel for a song -- if they were sufficiently entertained.
Capehart's aggressive management style and a flair for the dramatic propelled Wurlitzer into a multi-million dollar company. In 1936, Wurlitzer leased 44,000 jukeboxes.
As we have seen in the section on, Wurlitzer was at the forefront of modern design in jukebox design. However, they were also at the forefront of business development. Capehart was also a leader in programming -- developing mechanisms for deciding which records would be hits, always seeking to maximize revenue.
Scenes from the Wurlitzer Factory Click to Enlarge Here is a company-made video that shows operations at the Tonawanda Plant PART ONE PART TWO During World War II, Wurlitzer initially shut down jukebox production to manufacture precision electronic instruments for the Armed Services. The woodworking shop, famous for pianos, organs, and fine cabinets of all sorts, was put to work making parts for transport planes. The company won (and proudly displayed) a production efficiency ('E') award. Wurlitzer at War Click to Enlarge There was intense demand for jukeboxes as morale builders on American bases that had spanned the globe.
It was said that the Marines came first, the Seabees next, and the Wurlitzer immediately thereafter. Dancing (and the opportunity to socialize with the opposite sex) was the most popular activity at the USO clubs. Worl War II was extremely horrific (to say the least) and the opportunity to hear music from home meant a lot to American soldiers wherever they were. The Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) at Ease.the soda jerk is a coropral Click to Enlarge Doughnuts and coffee were good, but girls were the main event. Dancing Was the Principal Attraction at the USO.even in Trading Cards Collected by Kids Click to Enlarge The 48 card set, 'Army-Navy-Air Corps' is of great interest to card collectors, especially for the wartime propaganda on the back.
It was issued in 1942 by the W.S. Company; cards can sometimes be found still attached to one another in strips, and these are considered more valuable. The number is R18 Because Wurlitzer had access to a large number of machines under lease, they were able to ship jukeboxes (especially older ones) all over the world, setting the stage for an enormous increase in international business at war's end. Here are some Office of War Information (OWI) photos showing: (a) A Wurlitzer Model 500 (c. 1938) in a 1944 USO Club and (b) a Wurlitzer Model 616 (originally made in 1937) doing duty in a USO Canteen in 1943. The Omnipresent Jukebox at the USO (left) Model 500 (right) Model 616 Nothing but the best dead stock for our boys.
Click to Enlarge Here are two photographs from OWI showing a Wurlitzer Model 750 in a segregated facility, entertaining African-American troops. Wurlitzer Model 750 Jukebox Entertaining African-American Troops Everything was segregated in the US Army in World War II Circa 1944 Click to Enlarge After the war, Wurlitzer, like other companies, struggled with materiel and skilled labor shortages. Howver, the introduction of the now classic Model 1015 jukebox in 1946 restored the company to pre-eminence in the jukebox field.
Fifty six thousand 1015s were sold in less than two years. The company was, however, resting on its technological laurels because it continued to use the 1930-era Simplex changer mechanism that was limited to playing one side of a record, and for practical purposes, limited to 24 selections. The peak of Wurlitzer's fame came in 1949 with the bullet-nosed Model 1100. Wurlitzer's 20 Years at the Top The beginning and the end of the famous line of jukeboxes. Click to Enlarge Wurlitzer was also a player in the wall unit business.
The industry hypothesized that the customer would be much more likely to part with his nickels if he could make choices right at his table without getting up and walking to the box. This proved to be a major technical challenge and, as we'll see below, other companies were more adept in creating these 'wallbox' systems. Here is a retrospective of Wurlitzer's efforts in this field. The series begins with the Model 5010, which simply allowed the customer to insert change and play the 'Top Ten Tunes' for half a dollar. A fifty cent piece was required. Wurlitzer's Experiments in Wall Boxes Wurlitzer remote unit Patent No.2,585,401 Click to Enlarge if you want to learn how to get Patent Drawings Wurlitzer had one unique device, called the 'Bar Box.' This was a remote station in a compact package that could be placed on the bar without taking up an inordinate amount of room.
This provrd to be popular with tavern patrons Wurlitzer Bar Remote Control Patent No. D-153,116 Click to Enlarge if you want to learn how to get Patent Drawings The company's fortunes declined because they were blindsided by the recording industry's move to the smaller 45 rpm record and because they were not as innovative in mechanical design as they were in exterior decor. In 1949, Seeburg introduced a breakthrough record changer that offered 100 selections (instead of 24) and would handle 45 rpm records; by doing so, they quickly overtook Wurlitzer and dominated the jukebox market.
Of all things, Wurlitzer's response was to lease older jukeboxes to places that would have been declasse in the 1930s -- drug stores, malt shops, diners and the like. Thus, the Model 1015, originally intended for the cocktail lounge crowd, found itself smack in the middle of the 1950s newly empowered consumer: the American Teenager. For this reason, the Model 1015, technologically obsolete and over-adorned in the 'less-is-more' aesthetic of Danish Modern, found its way into the hearts and pocketbooks of a whole generation. Rock and Roll and the 1015 are almost inseparable, both then and now.
The Wurlitzer is often used as a prop to invoke the 1950s in period films and television. Icons of the 1950s Wurlitzer Model 1015 Jukebox and the Tailfin of the 1959 Cadillac Click to Enlarge Catalog Reference: The Jukebox Stamp is Scott 2911 and the Tailfin Stamp is Scott 2908 The stamp was intended for use by business mailers who presort their mail.
The jukebox stamp originally cost 25 cents and the tailfin stamp cost 15 cents. The Wurlitzer name was still synonymous with jukeboxes, although jukeboxes were hard pressed to deal with the times when America basically stopped dancing. Drugstores, Diners and malt shops all but disappeared. In the 1970s, the remnants of the Wurlitzer company were purchased by Gibson.
In the 1980s, a renewed interest in the 1950s era led to the resurrection of the Wurlitzer 1015 jukebox. In 1986, in order to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the 1015 Gibson produced an exact replica, calling it the 'One More Time'. This new jukebox had the design of the classical 1015, but with the latest technology of a modern jukebox. In 1995, the U.S. Post Office issued a new stamp commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Wurlitzer 1015 jukebox. Replicas of all the famous Wurlitzer jukeboxes of the 1930s are now manufactured in Germany. There is an extensive in North Tonawanda, New York.
Download the Service Manual and Parts list for the Wurlitzer Model 1100! Here is the Table of Contents: Click to Enlarge NOTE: the links will give you 'Zip' files which you should save to your computer and open with WinZip. The Service Manual: • • • • • • • • • The Parts Catalogue: • • • • • The Automatic Music Instrument Company (AMI) AMI began in 1909 as the National Piano Manufacturing Co, selling player pianos with a mechanism that allowed a customer to select music rolls to be played. The company adapted the mechanism to select and play phonograph records and went into the jukebox business in 1927 as 'National Automatic Music Company'. The mechanism used was the first that could play both sides of 10 records, allowing 20 selections. Also, AMI was the first to use electrically amplified sound.
Aside from modifications to extend the number of selections, the same changer was used for the next 30 years. AMI Tecnical Underpinnings Automatic Player Piano Patent No. 1,071,640 AMI Changer Patent No. 1,590,654 AMI Used the Same Changer Technology from 1936-1949 Click to Enlarge if you want to learn how to get Patent Drawings During the Depression, the company manufactured a number of Art Deco styled jukeboxes, most noable the. Perhaps the most unusual looking jukebox ever made is the produced between 1939 and 1942. The design of moulded glass, stone effect finish and a top light was influenced by New York skyscrapers and was the first to change the colors of the lights as music played. There were also innovations in sound quality.
From 1939-1942, this jukebox was sold and serviced by operated by an affiliate of AMI, Singing Towers Inc. Unfortunately this design was never a major commercial success due to mechanical problems. During the immediate pre-war period, AMI also experimented with remote control wall units to allow the customer to select music without leaving his table. In 1939, AMI introduced the Mighty Midget units that were well received by establishments with limited seating space as found in the big cities. During World War II, AMI ceased production of Jukeboxes,and produced electonic equipment for the armed services.
At war's end, AMI retained the services of Jean Otis Reinecke, the famous industrial designer who had achieved significant fame for the and the iconic, as well as lesser masterpieces (below). Jean Otis Reinecke Scotch Tape Dispenser Patent No. D-116,599 The, Patent D-149,088 Click to Enlarge if you want to learn how to get Patent Drawings In 1946, the name of the company was officially changed to AMI Inc. And the company introduced the, also called Mother of Plastic, designed by Reinecke. In 1948, the was introduced as a lower cost alternate to the Model A.
The next model, the was introduced in 1949. Both models B and C were not design patented. In the 1950s, AMI moved to a new changer system and introduced the tha was capable of playing 45 rpm records. During the 1950s Licensed manufacturing agreements created BAL-AMI (England), IMA-AMI (Denmark) and EDEN-AMI (France). The Automatic Canteen Company bought AMI in 1959, merging it with its subsidiary ROWE AC Services, a manufacturer of coin operated vending machines. Rowe-Ami is still manufacturing jukeboxes today. The Seeburg Corporation The Seeburg Company was founded in 1887 and eventually came to dominate the jukebox field in the late 1950s.
The company attained its position through superior technology. In 1887, at the age of 16, Justus P. Sjoberg left Sweden, bound for the United States. He changed his name to Seeburg soon after arriving in Chicago. After completing an apprenticeship in the Smith and Barnes piano factory, he started his first job at the Markette Piano Company, then moved to the C. Smith Piano Factory and eventually became plant superintendent at the Cable Piano Company.
At this point, he became involved with renting coin-operated player pianos, which were all the rage. After building up a considerable client base, he formed his own company. The demand for electric piano players was strong and Seeburg eventually occupied sales office and display rooms in the fashionable Republic building in Chicago's loop. (By the way, the 'P' in Mr. Seeburg's name stands for 'Percival') Justus Percival Seeburg Coin Operated Piano and Orchestrion Click to Enlarge Always an innovator, Seeburg supplemented his line of coin-operated electric piano players with the, that used piano roll technology to play piano, violin, mandolin, flute, snare drum, cymbals, triangle and other percussive effects. Here is a that shows 'Charleston' being played on such a machine (dance along if you wish.) In 1926 the availability of electrically recorded records and the development of amplified sound led to a growth in the market for recorded music.
The Brunswick 'Panatrope' was the first all-electric home phonograph and it became clear that the home and public markets were moving away from piano players. In 1927 the 'Orchestrion' was discontinued and the Seeburg Company developed their first phonograph. The Melatone jukebox was a complete failure because it had a habit of fracturing the records. I'd like to show you a picture, but all of the machines, approximately a hundred, were recalled and destroyed. Undaunted, Seeburg introduced the 'Audiphone', an eight selection jukebox that worked by means of a pneumatic Ferris-wheel.
Although it was simple and reliable, the Ferris-wheel mechanism required a very wide machine case was. Although Seeburg often lost out to other companies on the basis of floospace, production of the Audiphone continued into the 1930s. 'Ferris Wheel' Playback on the Seeburg Audiphone Circa 1928 Click to Enlarge Seeburg was not immune to the Depression and fell into receivership in 1931. The company diversified its offerings based on its experince with coin handling mechanisms. They adapted their coin systems to many other sectors. They adapted existing machines (e.g.
Clothes washers) to coin-operated capability and began to produce games and vending machines. You may see a Seeburg 'Fruit-o-Mat' in the film in the film -- the machine is located in the recording studio. There is also a Seeburg Model S-147 'Trashcan' jukebox in a previous scene. It is of some ironic note that the subtext of this film is a rivalry between 'Fats' Murdock and 'Legs' Wheeler, supposedly 'reformed' gangsters in the Slot Machine/Jukebox industry.
Apparently, the Wheeler enterprises use Seeburg Model 147s while the Murdock gang uses Seeburg Model 100A machines. Regrettably, there are several scenes where S-147s are destroyed. It appears that Seeburg was the principal supplier of jukeboxes for the film. Seeburg's Adventures in Vending Frozen Confection Vending Machine, Patent No. Free Download Samsung Pc Studio 3 Usb Driver Installer. 2,153,694 Refrigerated Apple Vending Machine Seeburg Parking Meter Patent No.
2,198,422 Click to Enlarge if you want to learn how to get Patent Drawings Developing cigarette vending machines, cold and hot drink dispensers, parking meters and the like kept the creditors away. By 1934 the company was debt-free and began to dabble in jukeboxes with the Selectophone. This time, they used a changer designed by Russell Wilcox who had done wonders at Wurlitzer. Instead of bringing records to the tonearm, this changer had a two inch gap between the records and the tone arm was brought to the record.
This ingenious device offered the promise of selections limited only by the height of the box. Alas, this change was defeated by the simple fact that records warp and in doing so interfered with the tone arm resulting in jams, especially in summer's heat. This jukebox was also a failure. The Failed Seeburg Selectophone Wilcox Movable Tone Arm Changer Patent No. 2,005,923 Click to Enlarge if you want to learn how to get Patent Drawings By this time the 60 year old Justus handed the reins of the company to his son Noel Marshall Seeburg, although he remained active in company affairs until his death in 1958. Marshall Seeburg had been brought up around the electrical innovations of his generation and the company received a much-needed shot in the arm. The new director in turn brought in new talent: M.
Kenney, an engineer, Nils Miller, an industrial designer and Henry Roberts, sales manager. In the mid-1930s, Meyer Parkoff moved over to Seeburg from Wurlitzer, beefing up the company's distribution arm. At the 1938 Jukebox Convention in Chicago Seeburg unveiled a new machine called the 'Symphonola'. Miller had been experimenting in translucent plastics for the casing. The plastic panels had low wattage bulbs behind them,that made the box 'glow'. The Symphonola 'Crown' was probably the first jukebox to use plastics, although Wurlitzer had also been experimenting with lighting effects during the same period.
Seeburg and the Evolution of the Seeburg Jukebox, 1927-1950 Models shown represent 'lines' -- each line had upscale and downscale variants Click to Enlarge.
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Starting http: www.goldsteinongelt.com Chris Lonsdale, peak performance coach, linguist, and psychologist, discusses Read The Third Ear book reviews & author details and more at Amazon.in. The Third Ear Paperback – Import, 14 Feb 2006. By Chris Lonsdale (Author).
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